Government Performance

How key economic and social indicators changed under each government. Data from official statistical offices and international organizations.

Methodology note: KPI changes during a government term are shown as indicative context, not proof of causation. Economic outcomes are shaped by global trends, structural factors, and decisions made by prior governments. Use these figures to understand the context in which each government operated, not to assign unilateral credit or blame.

5 Governments covered

40 KPI data points

Current government — figures to date

Indicator	At start	At end	Change	Source
Unemployment rate ⓘ	4.5 % of labour force (ILO) (2025)	—	—	KSH / Eurostat
National debt (% GDP) ⓘ	73.5 % (Maastricht) (2024)	—	—	Eurostat / worlddata.info
GDP growth (real, annual) ⓘ	0.5 % real annual growth (2025)	—	—	countryeconomy.com / World B…
Inflation (CPI, annual avg.) ⓘ	4.1 % annual average CPI (2025)	—	—	worlddata.info / KSH
Education spending (% GDP) ⓘ	—	—	—
Healthcare spending (% GDP) ⓘ	—	—	—
Life expectancy (years) ⓘ	77.5 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2024)	—	—	World Bank / Macrotrends
PISA mathematics score ⓘ	473 PISA mean mathematics score (points) (2022)	—	—	OECD PISA 2022

Indicator	At start	At end	Change	Source
Unemployment rate ⓘ	3.6 % of labour force (ILO) (2022)	4.5 % of labour force (ILO) (2025)	▲ +0.9	KSH / Eurostat
National debt (% GDP) ⓘ	73.9 % (Maastricht) (2022)	73.5 % (Maastricht) (2024)	▼ -0.4	Eurostat EDP / worlddata.info
GDP growth (real, annual) ⓘ	4.2 % real annual growth (2022)	0.5 % real annual growth (2025)	▼ -3.7	countryeconomy.com / World B…
Inflation (CPI, annual avg.) ⓘ	14.5 % annual average CPI (2022)	3.7 % annual average CPI (2024)	▼ -10.8	KSH (official first releases…
Education spending (% GDP) ⓘ	3.8 % (2022)	—	—	World Bank / UNESCO UIS
Healthcare spending (% GDP) ⓘ	6.7 % (total current health expenditure) (2022)	6.4 % (total current health expenditure) (2023)	▼ -0.3	KSH STADAT ege0055
Life expectancy (years) ⓘ	75.9 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2022)	77.5 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2024)	▲ +1.6	World Bank / Macrotrends / UN
PISA mathematics score ⓘ	473 PISA mean mathematics score (points) (2022)	—	—	OECD PISA 2022

Indicator	At start	At end	Change	Source
Unemployment rate ⓘ	3.6 % of labour force (ILO, ages 15-74) (2018)	3.6 % of labour force (ILO, ages 15-74) (2022)	≈ 0	KSH Labour Force Survey
National debt (% GDP) ⓘ	68.8 % (Maastricht) (2018)	73.9 % (Maastricht) (2022)	▲ +5.1	Eurostat EDP / worlddata.info
GDP growth (real, annual) ⓘ	5.6 % real annual growth (2018)	4.2 % real annual growth (2022)	▼ -1.4	countryeconomy.com / World B…
Inflation (CPI, annual avg.) ⓘ	2.7 % annual average CPI (2018)	14.5 % annual average CPI (2022)	▲ +11.8	KSH (official first release)
Education spending (% GDP) ⓘ	4.6 % (2018)	3.8 % (2022)	▼ -0.8	World Bank / UNESCO UIS
Healthcare spending (% GDP) ⓘ	6.6 % (total current health expenditure) (2018)	6.7 % (total current health expenditure) (2022)	▲ +0.1	KSH STADAT ege0055
Life expectancy (years) ⓘ	76.1 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2018)	75.9 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2022)	▼ -0.2	World Bank / Macrotrends / UN
PISA mathematics score ⓘ	481 PISA mean mathematics score (points) (2018)	473 PISA mean mathematics score (points) (2022)	▼ -8	OECD PISA 2022 Country Note:…

Indicator	At start	At end	Change	Source
Unemployment rate ⓘ	7.5 % of labour force (ILO, ages 15-74) (2014)	3.6 % of labour force (ILO, ages 15-74) (2018)	▼ -3.9	KSH Labour Force Survey
National debt (% GDP) ⓘ	76.5 % (Maastricht) (2014)	68.8 % (Maastricht) (2018)	▼ -7.7	Eurostat EDP / worlddata.info
GDP growth (real, annual) ⓘ	4.3 % real annual growth (2014)	5.6 % real annual growth (2018)	▲ +1.3	countryeconomy.com / World B…
Inflation (CPI, annual avg.) ⓘ	-0.2 % annual average CPI (2014)	2.7 % annual average CPI (2018)	▲ +2.9	KSH / World Bank / worlddata…
Education spending (% GDP) ⓘ	4.6 % (2014)	4.6 % (2018)	≈ 0	World Bank / UNESCO UIS
Healthcare spending (% GDP) ⓘ	7 % (total current health expenditure) (2014)	6.6 % (total current health expenditure) (2018)	▼ -0.4	KSH STADAT ege0055
Life expectancy (years) ⓘ	75.8 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2014)	76.1 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2018)	▲ +0.3	World Bank / UN Population D…
PISA mathematics score ⓘ	477 PISA mean mathematics score (points) (2012)	481 PISA mean mathematics score (points) (2018)	▲ +4	OECD PISA

Indicator	At start	At end	Change	Source
Unemployment rate ⓘ	10.8 % of labour force (ILO, ages 15-74) (2010)	7.5 % of labour force (ILO, ages 15-74) (2014)	▼ -3.3	KSH (Hungarian Central Stati…
National debt (% GDP) ⓘ	80.2 % (Maastricht general government gross consolidated debt) (2010)	76.5 % (Maastricht general government gross consolidated debt) (2014)	▼ -3.7	Eurostat EDP notification / …
GDP growth (real, annual) ⓘ	1.1 % real annual growth (2010)	4.3 % real annual growth (2014)	▲ +3.2	countryeconomy.com / World B…
Inflation (CPI, annual avg.) ⓘ	4.9 % annual average CPI (2010)	-0.2 % annual average CPI (2014)	▼ -5.1	KSH / World Bank (indicator …
Education spending (% GDP) ⓘ	4.7 % (general government expenditure on education) (2010)	4.6 % (general government expenditure on education) (2014)	▼ -0.1	World Bank / UNESCO Institut…
Healthcare spending (% GDP) ⓘ	7.5 % (total current health expenditure, SHA 2011) (2010)	7 % (total current health expenditure, SHA 2011) (2014)	▼ -0.5	KSH STADAT ege0055
Life expectancy (years) ⓘ	74.2 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2010)	75.8 years at birth, total (both sexes) (2014)	▲ +1.6	World Bank / UN Population D…
PISA mathematics score ⓘ	490 PISA mean mathematics score (points) (2009)	477 PISA mean mathematics score (points) (2012)	▼ -13	OECD PISA

Data caveats (11)

Term boundaries: Orban II sworn in 29 May 2010; Orban III 10 June 2014; Orban IV 18 May 2018; Orban V 16 May 2022; Magyar/TISZA 9 May 2026. KPI start/end years are full calendar years closest to inauguration dates, not exact term boundaries.
Unemployment: KSH Labour Force Survey (ILO methodology), ages 15-74. A substantial share of the unemployment decrease in 2010-2018 reflects the public works programme (kozmunka), whose participants are classified as employed under ILO rules but receive sub-minimum-wage support. Adjusted private-sector unemployment was higher throughout.
National debt: Maastricht general government gross consolidated debt (Eurostat EDP notification methodology). Differs from World Bank 'central government debt' and IMF estimates. Hungary has not adopted the euro. HUF-denominated and EUR-denominated absolute figures available from AKK (https://www.akk.hu/en) but omitted here due to exchange-rate volatility.
GDP growth: countryeconomy.com compiling World Bank/Eurostat real GDP growth at constant prices. 2025 figure is preliminary. 2023 contraction (-0.8%) makes Hungary one of few EU states with a recession that year.
Inflation: KSH official annual averages used throughout (CPI). The December 2022 y-o-y peak of 24.5% should not be confused with the 2022 annual average of 14.5%. The 2023 annual average of 17.6% was the true peak and Hungary's highest since 1998. Some aggregators (e.g. worlddata.info) report the December point figure as the year value, overstating 2022.
Education spending: UNESCO/World Bank series (SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS) covers general government expenditure on education, all levels. Data lags by 1-2 years; 2022 (3.81%) is most recent. Eurostat COFOG function 09 may give marginally different figures. Methodology break in Hungarian education budgeting from 2014 limits pre/post comparability.
Healthcare spending: KSH STADAT ege0055 uses SHA 2011 (System of Health Accounts) total current health expenditure, including government, compulsory insurance, voluntary insurance, and out-of-pocket. Government-only (GGHE-D) share was ~4.84% of GDP in 2022 (WHO GHO). Total CHE used here for comparability across terms.
Life expectancy: 2021 COVID-19 trough (~73.5 years) falls within Orban IV term and represents a sharp dip not attributable to policy. KSH nep0039 (official) shows 2024 at 76.59 years vs Macrotrends/World Bank estimate of 77.45 — methodological difference (period vs. cohort). KSH figure used where available.
PISA: Triennial assessment; scores mapped to nearest government term. Hungary scored 490 in 2009 (pre-Orban II peak), declining to 473 in 2022. PISA 2025 results expected December 2026. Socioeconomic segregation explains larger-than-OECD-average within-country variance.
Magyar/TISZA government: Just formed 9 May 2026. No full-year economic data available for this government's term. Start values reflect most recently published annual data (generally 2024-2025).
Sources not accessible for direct scraping: Eurostat databrowser (teina225), World Bank data portal, and KSH STADAT tables returned interactive JS or 402/403 errors; values confirmed via multiple secondary aggregators cross-checked against each other.

Government Performance

Magyar Government (TISZA)

Orban V (Fidesz-KDNP)

Orban IV (Fidesz-KDNP)

Orban III (Fidesz-KDNP)

Orban II (Fidesz-KDNP)